🩹 Biting pests

Bed bug

Cimex lectularius

Apple-seed shaped, flat, and nothing to do with how clean a home is.

Size
About a quarter of an inch when adult — roughly an apple seed
Colour
Reddish-brown; darker and more swollen after feeding
Risk
High
When
No seasonal pattern
A bed bug from above: a flat, oval, reddish-brown insect about the size of an apple seed, with six legs and short antennae.
Flat and oval when unfed, rounder and darker after feeding. No wings - it cannot fly or jump. AI-generated illustration · FreePestControlInspection.com

How to identify it

Work down these in order — the first one is usually enough on its own.

  • Flat oval body when unfed, rounder and darker when fed
  • No functional wings — they cannot fly or jump
  • Nymphs are smaller and translucent, hard to see until they feed
  • Eggs are about a millimetre, pearly white, usually in clusters in seams

What it gets mistaken for

Most people arrive at a pest name by ruling things out. These are the ones that genuinely look similar, and the detail that separates them.

Where you will find it

  • Mattress seams, piping and tags
  • Bed frame joints, slats and the headboard, especially where it meets the wall
  • Behind loose wallpaper, skirting boards and outlet covers
  • Upholstered furniture and, in heavier cases, curtains and picture frames

Signs it is already there

You will nearly always see the evidence before you see the pest itself.

  • Small dark specks along mattress seams — digested blood
  • Rusty or reddish smears on sheets
  • Shed skins, which look like empty translucent bed bugs
  • Bites in lines or clusters, though reactions vary and some people show none

High. Costly or fast-moving if it is left alone.

Why it is harder to deal with than it looks

This is the pest where partial treatment reliably fails, because a small surviving population re-establishes within weeks. DIY attempts commonly scatter the infestation into adjacent rooms, which makes the eventual professional job larger and more expensive.

What actually works

Comprehensive professional treatment — heat, targeted application, or both — usually over more than one visit. Encase mattresses. Do not throw out furniture before treatment, as moving it spreads them. In multi-unit buildings treating one unit alone rarely holds, and the property manager may need to coordinate.

Common questions

How do I tell a bed bug from a cat flea?

Fleas are much smaller, flattened side to side rather than top to bottom, and jump powerfully. Bed bugs cannot jump at all.

How do I tell a bed bug from a silverfish?

Silverfish are elongated, silvery and have three tail filaments; there is no real resemblance up close.

How do I tell a bed bug from a tick?

Ticks have eight legs and no antennae, and stay attached to skin for days. Bed bugs have six legs and hide in furniture.

Where are bed bug usually found in a home?s

Mattress seams, piping and tags Bed frame joints, slats and the headboard, especially where it meets the wall Behind loose wallpaper, skirting boards and outlet covers.

Is a bed bug dangerous?

They do not transmit disease, but infestations spread quickly, are expensive to eradicate and take a real psychological toll. They have nothing to do with cleanliness — they arrive in luggage, second-hand furniture and shared laundry.

Identification guidance only. Under Texas law, applying pest control treatments for hire requires a licence from the Texas Department of Agriculture. This page describes what a pest looks like — it is not a diagnosis of your property or a treatment recommendation for it.